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Terminology, Letter C
Introduction
This Group contains terms for the letter C. Terms that are determined by CBNRM Net as being specifically related to CBNRM are noted accordingly, and, while listed here, are detailed separately (see Groups Knowledge management terms, Structural terms, and Processual terms).
Content
The Group contains the following terms:
- Case See: Group CBNRM, Knowledge management terms
- Case study See: Group CBNRM, Knowledge management terms
- Category See: Group CBNRM, Knowledge management terms
- CBNRM practitioner See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- CBNRM stakeholder See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Civil society organization (CSO) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Coastal resource management (CRM) See: Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
- Collaboration See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Collaborative management See: Co-management.
- Co-management See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Co-managed protected area (CMPA) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Co-management See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Common property See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Common property resource See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Communal property association See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) A comprehensive strategy that seeks to address the multi-faceted issues affecting the coastal environment through the active and meaningful participation of coastal communities. Source: International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (1998). Cross references: Terms «Community-based marine resource management», «Community-based natural resource management». Comments: The term is best understood as CBNRM applied to a particular sector and ecosystem. URL: Community-based coastal resource management (hosted on the CBNRM Net site).
- Community-based common property right See: «Community-based property right».
- Community-based development (CBD) See term «Community-driven development». Source: World Bank (see URL). Cross references: Term «Community-driven development». Comments: (1) According to the World Bank there is no clear distinction between CBD and CDD approaches. However, there is increasing consensus within the World Bank that projects with higher levels of participation - those that give control over resources and decisions to communities (that is, that collaborate and empower or are substantially 'driven' by the community) - are now understood to be CDD as distinct from those that are considered to be CBD, where less control over decisions and resources are given (which inform and consult) but which are nevertheless participatory (see URL), (2) in situations where CBD is concerned with natural resource management it may overlap with CBNRM. URL: Community driven development evaluation.
- Community-based forest management (CBFM) Communities involved with a forest have the legal right, the institutional base, and the economic incentives to take substantial responsibility for the sustained use of that forest. Source: USAID/Africa Bureau (February 1999). Cross references: Terms «Community-based natural resource management», «Community forestry», «Community involvement in forest management», «Joint forest management». Comments: The term is best understood as CBNRM applied to a particular sector and ecosystem. The term 'Joint Forest Management' (JFM) is considered to have the same meaning as CBFM. Related terms are 'Community forestry' and 'Community involvement in forest management'
- Community-based group (CBG) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community-based integrated ecosystem management (CBIEM) Basically NRM with a broader, ecosystem view. Source: World Bank, Niger Community Action Program. Comments: Originated possibly with the GEF.
- Community-based management (CBM) Covers management at the local level broadly understood, including management of natural resources. See: «Community-based natural resource management». Comments: When used with reference to management of natural resources this term is understood to be identical with CBNRM.
- Community-based marine resource management Based on a strong sense of the importance of non-Western attitudes towards nature. A practical orientation, employing a range of tools incl. limited entry, MPAs, closed areas, closed seasons, and restrictions on damaging or overly efficient fishing methods. Used in SE Asia and Oceania. Source: Johannes, Bob (2002). Cross references: Term «Community-based coastal resource management». Comments: The term is probably best understood as «Community-based natural resource management» applied to a particular sector and ecosystem, namely marine areas. Covers a broader area than CBCRM.
- Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community-based organization (CBO) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community-based property right (CBPR) A concise definition of CBPR does not appear to be available. According to CIEL (2002), "... the CBPR concept is purposely designed to be useful in advocating on behalf of local communities and their rights to manage and control natural resources. It is the product of a program objective to develop and promote applied legal concepts that are more pro-community and more equitable than widely used terms such as common property and CBNRM. The concept of CBPRs provides an international and strategic conceptual contrast to CBNRM, common property and other terms ...". Sources: (1) CIEL (2002), (2) IASCP (2001). Cross references: Term «community-based natural resource management». Comments: (1) CIEL state that they introduced the term and corresponding acronym in 2000, (2) The IASCP Newsletter contains papers presented at a conference in Arusha, Tanzania, August 2000 (see URL). URL: CBNRM Net Group Periodicals list. [download]
- Community-based resource management (CBRM) Probably identical with 'community-based natural resource management'. Sources: (1) Gambill, D. (1999) (see URL below), (2) Centre for Community-Based Management, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada. Cross references: Term «Community-based natural resource management»; Category Training and capacity building (for training on CBRM). Comments: Centre for Community-Based Management has stated to CBNRM Net that the term means "much the same as CBNRM". URL: www.devtechsys.com/Publications_CASE/99-1gender.pdf.
- Community-based rural development program (CBRDP) See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Community-based rural development project (CBRDP) See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Community-based wildlife management (CBWM) [to be added]. Comments: The term is best understood as CBNRM applied to a particular sector and ecosystem.
- Community conserved area (CCA) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community development [to be added].
- Community development association (CDA) See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Community-driven development (CDD) Community-driven development is the process by which community groups assume control and authority over decisions and resources in development projects which affect their lives. This means reversing control and accountability from central authorities to community organizations in the initiation, planning, implementation, operation, maintenance and evaluation of development projects with agencies playing a supportive role. Community-driven development is most appropriately used for the provision of local goods, basic services and the management of natural resources. Source: World Bank. Cross references: Terms «Community-based development», «Community-based natural resource management», «Participation». Comments: (1) used by the World Bank, specifically with reference to operational and other activities in Africa, (2) in situations where CDD is concerned with natural resource management it will often substantially overlap with CBNRM, (3) On the difference between CDD and Community-Based Development, see under the later term.
- Community forestry (CF) See: Joint forest management (JFM)
- Community involvement in forest management (CIFM) See: Joint forest management (JFM)
- Community of practice See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Community resource management See: Term «Community-based natural resource management». Comments: Abbreviation of «Community-based natural resource management». Not commonly used.
- Community wildlife management (CWM) See: Community-based wildlife management (CBWM).
- Consultation See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
- Cooperation See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Country overview See: Group CBNRM, Knowledge management terms
- Culture See: Group CBNRM, Structural terms
- Custom See: Group CBNRM, Processual terms
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